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Awra Amba is an Ethiopian community of about 463 people, located 73 kilometres east of Bahir Dar in the Fogera woreda of Debub Gondar Zone. It was founded in 1980 with the goal of solving socio-economic problems through helping one another in an environment of egalitarianism—in marked contrast to the traditional norms of Amhara society.〔http://www.pri.org/stories/2013-12-12/ethiopian-village-has-gained-wealth-has-bred-hostility〕 The name means "Top of the Hill" in Amharic.〔http://nicojah.com/the-ethiopian-utopia〕 Founded by Zumra Nuru, who currently serves as co-chairman of the community, with 19 other people who shared his vision, as of 2007 Awra Amba has some 400 members, and is lauded as a model to alleviate poverty and promote gender equality in a country where women are generally subservient to men.〔http://www.dw.de/ethiopian-utopian-village-goes-against-the-grain/a-17152619〕〔http://nazret.com/blog/index.php/2010/07/09/ethiopian_egalitarian_community_thrives〕〔Mohammed Mussa, "Case 5: Amhara Region: Community Self-Help in Awra Amba", in (''Annex 1: Annex to Study on Effective Empowerment of Citizens in Ethiopia: Case Studies'' ), International NGO Training and Research Centre website (accessed 23 April 2009)〕 == Description == The fact that its members work together, are diligent, disciplined and self-confident makes the Awra Amba community distinct from other Amhara communities. Women have equal rights as men and there is no distinction in divisions of labor between men and women. All people in the community have no religion as distinct from most communities in Ethiopia. They believe in hard work and being good to people. They keep their houses and their surrounding clean. Theft is seen as very obscene.〔("Ten Success Stories on Business Development Services" ) (Ethiopian Business Development Services Network)〕 The community is ostracized, as it does not belong to either of the two primary religious groupings -- Islam or Christianity. Members of the Awra Amba community therefore were not given agricultural land to cultivate, but instead were pushed into the most infertile and malaria infested corner of the district. As they cannot live on farm activities, they have diversified into the weaving business, using both traditional and modern weaving machines. In addition, using three grinding mills provided the Regional Micro and Small Scale Enterprise Development Agency, they offer milling service to neighbouring farmers. The village hopes to earn more money in order to build potable water and sewage systems, pave the road, and create an education fund for the children.〔 The village is unique not only for its attitudes toward gender, religion, and education, but for the social security it provides its members in need. There are formal committees to provide services which include: education, to receive guests, to take care of patients, the elderly and children, and community health. They have established a literacy campaign for adults, a library, and a preschool. Despite living in a culture which practice early marriage, the people of Awra Amba have decided girls should marry only after reaching the age of 18, and boys at or above 22.〔 The village's success has made it a subject of numerous studies. "So many Christian and Muslim leaders from all over (northern Amhara region ) and some from outside have visited the village because it is very famous in its endeavor to eliminate poverty," says Mulgeta Wuletaw, a regional government administrator and member of parliament. Another supporter is Mohammed Mussa, a rural development consultant who prepared a case study on the village for the World Bank. "This is an extraordinary initiative within a traditional and conservative community," he says. "It's a good example for other Ethiopian communities – and even beyond Ethiopia – because of its gender equality, its work ethic, and its social security system."〔("In Ethiopia, one man's model for a just society" ), ''Christian Science Monitor'' (accessed 23 April 2009)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Awra Amba」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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